The calculation
signatures = ceil(document pages ÷ pages per signature)
blank pages = signatures × pages per signature − document pages
Worked example
A 200-page document with four sheets per signature uses thirteen 16-page signatures. That is 52 sheets and 8 added blanks. Eight sheets per signature would instead add 24 blanks.
A signature is a group of nested folded sheets
This planner uses one fold per sheet and four page faces per sheet. It fills every signature to the selected size, including the last one. That makes the output easy to count and sew, but it is not the only binding strategy. A shorter final signature can reduce blank pages and needs a separate imposition plan.
Count the full document
Use the page count of the final file, including any intentionally blank pages. A printed page number is not always the same as its PDF page index. The table refers to sequential document pages, beginning at one.
The calculation does not choose a suitable signature thickness for your paper, thread or binding method. Fold a small sample using the actual stock. A mathematically tidy page count can still produce a bulky fold. Use the page-pair tool on a single signature to inspect how its sheet faces are arranged.
Common questions
Can the last signature contain fewer sheets?
Yes in some workflows, but this calculator intentionally fills all signatures equally. Plan a smaller final group separately if your binding method supports it.
Does this create or rearrange a PDF?
No. It provides counts and a signature schedule. Use your print software to impose the actual document.
Further reading
Official or original references for the workflow; these organizations do not endorse this independent tool.